Conservation of wetlands especially as waterfowl habitat in northeast China     

Liu Hongyu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,8(3):281-288

Wetland is a special ecological system in the earth, which can provide a good habitat for many wild animals. It is a reproduction and overwintering area for many rare waterfowls, too. The northeast region, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning provinces, and the east of Inner Mongolia, is a district with the maximum areas and types of wetlands in China. It is the center of the waterfowls reproduction in Northeast Asia and the necessary region moving to the south. The conservation of wetland and waterfowls habitats in northeast China plays an important role in international waterfowls habitats conservation. The northeast weterfowls’ types, number and distribution specific features are studied in three aspects in the paper, so do the rare waterfowls. Existing problems and the administration polices on waterfowls and their habitats conservation in the northeast are also discussed. It shows that the conservation of wetland waterfowls habitats in northeast China is important.  相似文献   

Sources and sinks of sea salt in a newfoundland blanket bog     

Jonathan S. Price 《水文研究》1994,8(2):167-177

Over an oceanic peatland, the concentration of Na in fog averaged 38.1 mgl^?1 compared with 1.8 mgl^?1 in rain, resulting in a significant flux of mineral elements to the surface. Between 16 May and 20 June 1990 the average mass flux of Na to the bog surface by fog, rain, and dry deposition was 21.9, 10.4 and 7.0 mg m^?2 d^?1. There was little long-term storage of Na within the peatland system, where Na losses measured in stream runoff averaged 34.8 mg m² d^?1, and deep groundwater losses 4 mg m^?2 d^?1. Calcium and Mg were preferentially retained in the organic soil, whereas K was relatively mobile. Potassium tended to become concentrated in the unsaturated zone. Stream runoff had a consistently higher pH than groundwater, corresponding to higher Ca and Mg concentrations, which may have been from mineral sources in the headwater ponds. Otherwise, the stream water chemistry was closely related to groundwater in the upper layers of the peat deposit.  相似文献   

基于HJ-1A高光谱影像的湿地精细分类     

张雅春  那晓东  臧淑英 《地理科学进展》2018,37(12):1705-1712

混合像元的存在不仅影响了基于高光谱影像的地物识别和分类精度,而且已成为遥感科学向定量化发展的主要障碍。本文以扎龙湿地为试验区,以环境一号卫星采集的高光谱影像为数据源,分别采用传统的全约束最小二乘光谱解混算法(fully constrained least squares spectral unmixing algorithm, FCLS)与基于稀疏约束最小二乘光谱解混算法(sparse constrained least squares spectral unmixing algorithm, SUFCLS)实现了试验区湿地的精细分类,并对两种分类结果的表现及其分类精度进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：SUFCLS算法能够自适应的从光谱库中选择场景中所占比例最高的一组端元,并将此端元的组合应用于传统的全约束最小二乘光谱解混中实现不同湿地类型丰度的提取,该算法充分考虑了端元的空间异质性,弥补了FCLS算法在端元选取过程中的不足。精度验证结果表明与FCLS算法相比,SUFCLS算法分类结果的均方根误差更小,丰度的相关系数更高,因此该方法对于提高湿地解混精度以及实现湿地精细化分类具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Use a Spatial Analysis Model to Assess Habitat Quality in Lashihai Watershed     

LI Haiping  QI Yanan  QU Yunying 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(6):622-631

Habitat quality assessments are of great significance for protecting biodiversity. This study analyzes the changing habitat quality of Lashihai watershed based on SPOT satellite images. We extracted the land use data for Lashihai watershed in Yunnan province for the years 2000 and 2015, and then used an InVEST model to evaluate habitat degradation, habitat quality and habitat scarcity in the study area from 2000 to 2015. Spatial statistical methods were used to determine changes to spatial dynamics. Results indicate that the number of areas with habitat degradation was generally small, and that both the number of areas with habitat degradation and the degree of degradation had fallen noticeably during the fifteen-year study period. In general, the quality of habitats was maintained or improved, while the quality of habitats decreased in only a few areas. The scarcity of habitats for cultivated land had increased, the tension between people and land use was relatively prominent. The reason habitat quality in Lashihai watershed has improved can be attributed to three factors: 1) The policy of returning farmland to forests since 2000 has been well implemented and has achieved remarkable results. Loss of forests from logging and deforestation has basically been eliminated, and great progress has been made restoring the ecological environment. 2) High background value of quality habitat suitability benefits from the research area’s high vegetation coverage. 3) The development of the local tourism economy has transformed the area’s ecological advantages into an economic bonus, greatly increasing the income level and living standards of residents. At the same time, the ecological resource bonus has increased the enthusiasm of residents for ecological protection and has helped to promote the protection of local eco-systems, both reducing ecological degradation and improving habitat quality. At the same time, increasing conflicts between land and people should be addressed. Support is needed to promote development of the ecological economy while continuously reducing ecological degradation and further increasing residents’ income. There must be less reliance on industry and less pressure on both land and people, all the while ensuring that the local economy and ecology can more forward together in a sustainable way.  相似文献   

面向对象方法的时间序列MODIS数据湿地信息提取——以洞庭湖流域为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张猛  曾永年  朱永森 《遥感学报》2017,21(3):479-492

以洞庭湖流域为研究区,对大范围湿地信息遥感提取方法进行了研究。先基于时间序列MODIS EVI及物候特征参数,通过J-M(Jeffries-Matusita distance)距离分析,构建了MODIS(250 m)最佳时序组合分类数据;其次,通过Johnson指数确定了最佳分割尺度,采用面向对象的遥感分类方法(Random tree分类器)提取了洞庭湖流域的湿地信息,并验证该方法的适用性。研究结果表明,基于时序数据与面向对象的Random tree分类的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为78.84%和0.71,较之基于像元的相同算法的总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别提高了5.79%和0.04。同时,基于面向对象方法的湿地整体的用户精度与生产者精度较基于像元方法分别提高了4.56%和6.21%,可有效提高大区域湿地信息提取的精度。  相似文献   

近30年来江苏省滨海湿地变化过程及其受围垦活动的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张濛  濮励杰 《湿地科学与管理》2017,(3):56-60

基于1985—2015年Landsat TM遥感影响数据,提取江苏省典型岸段滨海湿地信息,对滨海湿地类型、面积的变化过程进行研究,并分析了围垦活动对这一过程的影响。结果表明:围垦在近20年达到高峰期,连云港、盐城和南通岸段的滨海湿地在近30年间分别减少了53.15%、71.60%和71.40%。连云港岸段原生植被型湿地逐渐减少,茅草、芦苇湿地在2000年后完全消失;盐城岸段原生植被型湿地在1985—1995年间持续增加,且各植被类型比率趋于均衡,而在1995年后则转变为米草湿地占绝对优势;南通岸段湿地总面积在2000年后迅速下降,高比例的米草湿地是该岸段滨海湿地的主要特征,但到2015年几乎退化成纯光滩湿地。连云港岸段以海域围垦为主要特征,2005—2010年达到围垦高峰;盐城岸段则在1995—2000年的围垦高峰后,原生植被型湿地的围垦比率锐减,米草湿地的围垦比率增至90.51%;南通岸段以米草湿地围垦为主要特征,围垦强度在1985—2010年持续增加,2005年后米草湿地的围垦强度减小,海域围垦比例逐渐升高。  相似文献   

大连滨海湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

姜玲玲  熊德琪  张新宇  张弘 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

以2000年和2006年TM卫星影像为主要数据源,配合其它非遥感数据,在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,运用景观生态学原理,选取反映景观空间结构和景观异质性的指数,对大连地区湿地的整体景观格局和类型景观格局及其动态变化进行定量分析.结果表明:6年间,大连湿地面积减少了97.62 km2;整体景观多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,优势度指数增加;各类景观格局时间序列上也存在明显差异性变化.湿地景观格局指数的变化, 反映了移山填海工业园区的扩大及养殖业的大力发展等人为活动对景观格局的深刻影响.人为活动已成为大连市湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因子.  相似文献   

城镇黑臭河道治理:多水塘活水链人工湿地的应用     

杨棠武  熊依依  忻飞  邵一奇  戈萍燕  徐锋  张轩波  安树青 《湿地科学与管理》2021,(1):51-55

随着现代工业的发展,城市黑臭河道问题日趋严重,严重影响了城市形象、生态环境和居民身心健康。利用多水塘活水链人工湿地技术净化江苏常州永胜河河水水质。监测结果显示:该技术使水体总氮浓度削减了92.0%、总磷浓度削减了82.9%,处理后的水体总氮、总磷含量达到地表IV类水标准。项目年处理水量约30万t,每年以较低的成本(平均水处理费用约为0.03元/t),削减总氮、总磷和氨氮量分别为1496.6 kg、176.0 kg和1408.6 kg。通过引植多种浮叶植物、挺水植物、沉水植物,该湿地修复工程为当地营造了优美的湿地景观。多水塘活水链人工湿地是集经济效益、生态效益、环境效益于一体的新型水体生态治理技术,为我国城镇黑臭河道治理提供了一条新的途径。  相似文献   

评估滨海湿地应对海平面上升的脆弱性的研究范式     

王国栋  赵延彤  赵美玲  刘鑫宇  薛振山  吕宪国  姜明 《湿地科学》2021,(1)

滨海湿地是海陆交界的生态过渡带,也是对气候变化极为敏感的、脆弱的生态系统,海平面上升对全球滨海湿地构成了严重威胁。为了精确预测未来海平面加速上升背景下滨海湿地的变化趋势,有必要深入开展滨海湿地应对海平面上升的脆弱性评估研究。概述了评估滨海湿地应对海平面上升的脆弱性的研究范式,评估过程包括4个步骤:确定滨海湿地的高程资本;分析滨海湿地高程相对海平面上升的变化趋势;揭示控制高程变化的地表和地下过程;使用前3个步骤中的数据校准和验证模型,预测未来滨海湿地对海平面上升的响应。相关研究将为应对气候变化的滨海湿地适应性管理提供决策支持。  相似文献   

松嫩平原西部盐碱湿地农业的范例:苇-鱼-蟹-菌模式     

李晓宇  刘兴土  李秀军  姜明  杨富亿  文波龙 《湿地科学》2021,(1)

湿地农业发展历史悠久,是世界农业文化遗产的重要组成部分,也是人类农业文明的见证。湿地农业随着社会发展,不断调整和适应,形成不同的功能类型和产业模式。以松嫩平原西部盐碱湿地苇-鱼-蟹-菌模式为例,凝练了湿地生态恢复和资源合理利用的关键技术,分析了该模式显著的生态和经济效益,总结了该模式逐渐形成和发展的经验,提出了未来湿地农业发展的建议,以期为维持湿地生态系统的可持续发展提供参考依据。  相似文献